In this study, the performance of anti-wear in Engine oil which contain nanomaterialadditive has been compared and evaluated to conventional Engine oil, by using laboratory tests. Forthis purpose, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) as a nanomaterial additive were selectedto use in Iranol Racing Engine oil, SAE 10W40. At first the stability of the nano-fluid, obtainedby the nanoparticles, was confirmed by using UV and zeta potential devices. The iron oxidenanoparticles were characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), energy dispersiveX-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The nanoparticleshave a diameter in the range of 8-13 nm. Size distribution of nanoparticles by dynamic lightscattering (DLS) was also investigated. Anti-wear performance of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in multigradeEngine oil was evaluated by means of the four ball and falex test. The results generallyindicate the improvement of anti-wear performance Engine oil which was prepared by addingnanoparticles. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with concentration of 0. 1 percent, increase weldstrength from76. 32 to 92. 74 kgf and load wear index (LWI) from 250 to 315 kgf, in the four balltest. Additionally it has increased the falex test results (linear load carrying) from 1160 to 1220 lbf, compared to conventional Engine oil.

Delay of oil pressure increasing at the Engine starting can effect on wear rate in the internal combustion Engine. This paper investigates oil priming behavior of spark ignition Engine using two types of gyrator oil pump. So, oil pressure in main gallery and cylinder head is measured with high response oil pressure sensor that synchronized with Engine speed in different status of Engine starting. Results shows the maximum delay of oil priming is about 2. 5 second that is occurred in oil/oil filter changing. Using oil pump No. 2 after 12 hours, can decrease delay of oil priming from 1. 93 second to 1. 24 second in EF7 Engine. Due to using hydraulic tappet technology in this Engine, delay of oil priming effect on the Engine wear rate and also hydraulic tappet life time. Results show that Engine oil pump No. 2 can decrease crank shaft rotation in oil/oil filter changing, cold starting and warm staring status from 58, 45 and 18 revolution to 32, 19 and 11 revolution.

High Engine oil temperatures have detrimental effect on overall Engine performance and durability. High oil temperature is a direct indication of high Engine temperature and hence, the inefficient cooling system of the Engine. In this paper we show how the systematic investigation of cooling system thought experiments and CFD modeling can reduce the Engine oil temperature within the desirable limit. A CFD model was developed for the entire cooling system and results were validated with the experimental measurements. The CFD model and experimental measurement techniques have been described in detail. Separate experimental measurements were conducted for flow and thermal measurements and the corresponding CFD model was validated against these measurements. Various design concepts were investigated and its effects on Engine heat transfer coefficients and temperatures, change in system resistances, flow rates and other parameters have been presented. A simple experimental setup was developed for optimization of the centrifugal fan. The optimized fan was then used in the CFD model. It was observed that the reduction in Engine oil temperature could be achieved by systematic design changes. However, it comes at the expense of increase in system resistance.

In this research, biodiesel was initially produced from waste vegetable oil by transesterification reaction. The main properties of this fuel were compared with the ASTM D-6751 standard. Then, performance of MF-399 tractor Engine was tested and evaluated by using 5 to 25 percent biodiesel and diesel blends. Test results showed that, the power and torque of MF-399 tractor Engine were increased, using biodiesel and diesel blends. This is because of good combustion of biodiesel due to high oxygen content of this fuel. There was also a slight increase in the fuel consumption and specific fuel consumption of biodiesel and diesel blends due to low calorific value of biodiesel. Results show that the B5D95 blend has the best performance and the lowest increase in specific fuel consumption among the other blends. The fuel consumption and specific fuel consumption of B25D75 was lower than the B20D80 blend. Therefore, if the goal is using high amount of biodiesel, B25D75 blend is recommended for use in MF-399 tractor Engine.

Biodiesel can be produced from vegetable oils and also from waste fats. Biodiesel is a mono-alkyl-ester of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable feedstock such as vegetable oils by transesterification process. The esterified cotton seed oil, pungam oil, rice bran oil, and tamanu oil are chosen as the alternative fuels. Among these oils, tamanu oil is considered for the first time as an alternative fuel. An experiment is conducted to obtain the operating characteristics of the variable compression ratio (VCR) Engine run by chosen esterified oils, and the results are compared with esterified tamanu oil. From the comparison of results, it is inferred that the Engine performance is improved with significant reduction in emissions for the chosen oils without any Engine modification. The effective compression ratio can be fixed based on the experimental results obtained in the Engine since the findings of the present research work infer that the biodiesel obtained from tamanu oil is a promising alternative fuel for direct-injection four-stroke VCR Engine.

This paper describes a laboratory method for treatment of used Engine oil FENIX SUPERIOR SAE 15W-40 with the intention of decreasing sulfur and selected metal content at an acceptable level. FENIX SUPERIOR SAE 15W-40, produced by manufacturer Joint Stock Company FAM Krusevac, is used for lubrication of the most modern four-stroke diesel and gas Engines of passenger and commercial vehicles, Engine construction, mining and agricultural machinery, as well as stationary power aggregates, including highly overloaded Engines working in harsh environmental conditions. Exhausted oil samples were obtained from the three sources: diesel and gas Engines of passenger cars and agricultural machines-tractors were treated according to a novel two-step technology. In the first step, physical operations, such as centrifugation, filtration, and separation, were applied in order to remove mechanical impurities (sludge), condensed material and water. In the second step, chemical oxidation using three agents, i. e., hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, and potassium persulfate, was applied to achieve the removal of the sulfur containing compounds. Based on the obtained results at a laboratory level, a technology at a semi-industrial level for the treatment of waste oil was proposed. A new ecologically friendly technology developed for treatment of waste oil offers appropriate advantages in comparison to commercially available technologies.

Introduction: Depletion of fossil fuels and environmental degradation are two major problems faced by the world. Today fossil fuels take up to 80% of the primary energy consumed in the world, of which 58% is consumed by the transport sector alone (Mard et al., 2012).....

It is known that native oil-degrading microorganisms are ubiquitous. They can be isolated from contaminated soils. In this study, biodegradation experiments were carried out to evaluate the efficiency of pollutant removal by adding the selected microorganisms. Five mixed cultures and 3 single bacteria strains, Pseudomonas sp., Arthrobacter sp. and Mycobacterium sp. were isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soils by enrichment on either crude oil or individual hydrocarbons, as the sole carbon sources. The strains were selected based on their ability to grow in medium containing crude oil, used Engine oil or both. Their ability to degrade hydrocarbon contamination in the environment was investigated using soil samples contaminated with used Engine oil. The mixed starter culture #1 degraded 66 % of aliphatic compounds in the Engine oil, after 60 days of incubation. The mixed starter culture #5 removed 47 % of aromatic compounds during 60 days of incubation, which is the maximum efficiency among the starter cultures, in this study.